Koran Akhirnya 'Ditumbangkan' Internet

Washington - Tanda-tanda bahwa internet bakal jadi sumber informasi utama, mengalahkan media tradisional seperti koran makin jelas. Sebab saat ini untuk pertama kalinya, lebih banyak masyarakat Amerika Serikat membaca berita secara online daripada lewat surat kabar.

Dalam survei yang dilakukan lembaga riset Pew Research Centre ini, 40 persen konsumen memakai web sebagai sumber berita utama, naik dari jumlah 24 persen tahun lalu. Jumlah itu mengungguli koran yang diandalkan 35 persen konsumen.

Adapun media televisi masih menempati peringkat utama sebagai sumber informaasi. Televisi dipakai oleh 70 persen responden, menurun dari yang sebelumnya 74 persen.

Para kaum muda tampaknya jadi penyumbang signifikan popularitas internet tersebut. Dikutip JLW dari Guardian, Senin (29/12/2008), 59 persen kaum muda di bawah usia 29 tahun mengandalkan internet sebagai sumber berita. Sementara hanya 28 persen yang memanfaatkan media koran.

Hasil survei terbaru ini sepertinya jadi pukulan telak berikutnya bagi industri surat kabar. Sebelumnya, perusahaan surat kabar di Amerika harus terus mengetatkan ikat pinggang di saat situasi ekonomi yang memburuk, misalnya dengan melakukan PHK massal.

Selengkapnya...

GRUB Loader Ubuntu Hilang Setelah Install Window$

Biasanya jika memiliki dual boot OS misalkan: Linux dan Windows, dan kebetulan windowsnya error atau sering hang dan ada niat untuk install ulang OS windowsnya, jika kita ingin meng-install ulang kemungkinan GRUB Loader Linux-nya akan hilang karena saat install windows akan menulis ulang/menghapus MBR (Master Boot Record) yang ada dan akan menghapus GRUB Loader Linux, bagaimana cara untuk mengembalikan GRUB Loader Linux yaitu salah satunya dengan cara menggunakan CD Live Linux, misalkan ubuntu versi desktop, knoppix, dll. Setelah linux live cd sudah running, selanjutnya buka terminal, sebagai root ketik command grub;

untuk mengetahui partisi apa saja yang ada;
grub> geometry (hd0);
drive 0×80: C/H/S = 9729/255/63, The number of sectors = 156301488, /dev/sda
Partition num: 0, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0×7
Partition num: 4, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0×7
Partition num: 5, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0×7
Partition num: 6, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0×82
Partition num: 7, Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0×83

Pada partisi diatas terlihat bahwa partisi nomor 7 yang menggunakan linux, lalu ketik:

grub> root (hd0,7);

untuk menjadikan GRUB Loader-nya berada di MBR, ketik;

grub> setup (hd0);
Checking if “/boot/grub/stage1
exists… yes
Checking if “/boot/grub/stage2
exists… yes
Checking if “/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5
exists… yes
Running “embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)”… 17 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running “install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+17 p (hd0,7)/boot/grub/stage2
/boot/grub/menu.lst”… succeeded
Done.

Begitulah salah satu cara untuk mengembalikan GRUB LOader Linux yang hilang karena terhapus saat install Window$

semoga bermanfaat. Salam!

Selengkapnya...

Accessing webcam in your Laptop in Hardy June 23, 2008 — Rosario

Mplayer is a good movie player that supports almost all video and audio codecs. Mplayer can be used to view the output of the webcam also can be used to take the snaps using the web cam in your laptop.


The following is the command to view the output of the webcam

$ mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:width=640:height=480:device=/dev/video0 -fps 30

and to take the snaps (to capture each frame) as a picture use the following command.

$ mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:width=640:height=480:device=/dev/video0 -fps 30 -vo jpeg tv://

where fps specifies the frame rate in both cases. and this will determine the number of snaps taken per second.

This probably works with other destros also.. check it out….

To save the output as a vedio file you can use the mencoder command.

Also you can use XawTv package included by default in ubuntu for the above purpose.

Selengkapnya...

Howto: Install VirtualBox in Ubuntu Hardy Heron with USB Support in 5 easy Steps!

*update* New Verson of Virtualbox
When I last checked Virtualbox did not update their repositories for Hardy Heron, its not a problem, their is a hardy package without a repository.

So lets install the brand new virtualbox package for Hardy Heron...

Lets Install the essential build utilities so the vbox kernel module builds.
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`
Install i386 VirtualBox without repository:
wget http://www.virtualbox.org/download/1.5.6/virtualbox_1.5.6-28266_Ubuntu_hardy_i386.deb ; sudo dpkg -i virtualbox_1.5.6-28266_Ubuntu_hardy_i386.deb
Install amd64 Virtualbox without repository:
wget http://www.virtualbox.org/download/1.5.6/virtualbox_1.5.6-28266_Ubuntu_hardy_amd64.deb ; sudo dpkg -i virtualbox_1.5.6-28266_Ubuntu_hardy_amd64.deb

Check Here for updated Virtualbox Packages since the repository isnt added yet

Alternate install with Gutsy repository as some people have suggested works fine, just copy/paste these exact commands into the terminal:
sudo sh -c 'echo "# VirtualBox repository for Ubuntu Gutsy
deb http://www.virtualbox.org/debian gutsy non-free" \
> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gutsy-virtualbox.list'
wget http://www.virtualbox.org/debian/innotek.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install virtualbox

Now you Must add your self to the vboxusers group:
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers
Adding user `ionstorm' to group `vboxusers' ...
Adding user ionstorm to group vboxusers
Done.

Setup VirtualBox USB Support:
USB is disabled by default, so you'll probably want to enable it. Otherwise you'll get an error when you go into the "Settings" of your virtual machine. To correct this, you'll need to edit the mountdevsubfs.sh file:
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh
You'll see a block of code that looks like this:
#
# Magic to make /proc/bus/usb work
#
#mkdir -p /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs
#domount usbfs "" /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs -obusmode=0700,devmode=0600,listmode=0644
#ln -s .usbfs/devices /dev/bus/usb/devices
#mount --rbind /dev/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb
Now uncomment the last 4 lines above to look like this:
#
# Magic to make /proc/bus/usb work
#
mkdir -p /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs
domount usbfs "" /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs -obusmode=0700,devmode=0600,listmode=0644
ln -s .usbfs/devices /dev/bus/usb/devices
mount --rbind /dev/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb

Ok now logoff, then log back in so the vbox driver see's you are logged in to the vboxusers group.

If the above doesnt work try rebooting, if that doesnt enable usb you can try this:
Grab the vboxusers group id:
grep vbox /etc/group
vboxusers:x:124:ionstorm
Edit the fstab with the group id # in bold:
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
Append this to the fstab then save/exit:
## usbfs is the USB group in fstab file:
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs devgid=124,devmode=664 0 0
Now lets edit the mountkernfs.sh file with the gid in bold:
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh
Paste the 2 lines below above the line: "# Mount spufs, if Cell Broadband processor is detected"
## Mount the usbfs for use with Virtual Box
domount usbfs usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb -onoexec,nosuid,nodev,devgid=124,devmode=664

You may not need to reboot, try doing:
sudo /etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh

If not, reboot, and virtualbox should detect your usb devices!
only for documentation from
http://www.ubuntu-unleashed.com/2008/04/howto-install-virtualbox-in-hardy-heron.html
Selengkapnya...

Dari Ubuntu Forum, Komplit Multimedia

Reason for how-to: I still see some users struggling and becoming frustrated over getting streaming media or Java to work, and having general multimedia issues, so I thought I'd post my own how-to on the subject. Please keep in mind however that Ubuntu has a feature where if you click on a certain file, or try to view flash videos, a dialog should pop-up and ask if you want to install proprietary packages that are neccessary to play those formats. This how-to is for users who are still having issues, or simply want as many different formats working as possible with just a few commands.

Please note: You will see a reaccurance of certain packages in different parts of this how-to (Sound & Video Conversion for example), this is just to make certain that you have the necessary packages installed to enable whatever feature you're looking to have available to you on your system. This goes for Part 1 also, as you may have some of the packages installed already. Anything you already have installed will be skipped, it will not cause any problems.

Unrelated to streaming, multimedia and indeed video: I see quite a few newbies have been watching YouTube videos and are curious about the whole 3D rotating desktop feature of Linux, and other such effects. Part 1 of my how-to now includes the CCSM package (compizconfig-settings-manager). Here is a link to help you get the most out of it and understand the various plugins and settings.

--PART 1/5, ESSENTIAL PACKAGES--


IMPORTANT: If you haven't already, you need to enable the Medibuntu repository. These commands are aimed at Gutsy users, so if you are using a different version of Ubuntu, please edit the first command in your Terminal and change it from "gutsy" to whatever version you are running. Open the Terminal (Applications>Accessories>Terminal or KMenu>System>Terminal Program (Konsole) in Kubuntu and Applications>System>Terminal in Xubuntu) and paste these wget commands into it:

sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list

wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

If that didn't work and you received an error, you will have to add the repositoriess manually, which is actually quite easy. First of all, you need to open the sources file with your default or favourite text editor (replace "gedit" with "kwrite" in Kubuntu and "mousepad" in Xubuntu:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Now just add these lines at the bottom, remembering to change the Ubuntu version accordingly. After you have added the two lines, save the changes and wget the GPG key as instructed above:

deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free
deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free

It's also a good idea to make sure the Multiverse and Universe repositories are enabled, although they should be enabled by default on the latest versions of Ubuntu. To make sure they are, or to choose a local server for downloads, navigate to System>Administration>Software Sources and tick whichever sources you wish to use. While you're there, you can also untick the CD-ROM/DVD source and choose a local server instead of using the main server. There are two good reasons for this - Firstly, you give the main server a break because you're using a local mirror, and secondly, it will improve download speeds when updating or installing software on to the system.


ADOBE FLASH INSTALLATION


There appear to be some users still havng issues installing Adobe Flash. If you tried installing it already and are having issues, read on. First of all, it's worth completely purging the package from your system, along with any others which may be interfering with it and then reinstall it again. Will both 32-Bit and 64-Bit users execute this command:

sudo apt-get purge flashplugin-nonfree gnash gnash-common && sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

Still no joy? Please cut and paste the "purge" part of the command (stop before the "&&" symbols) to completely remove the package. Next, I would suggest following the intructions below for your particular architecture:

32-Bit Users: Install it manually by downloading the tar here and extract the contents to your desktop or home folder. Press Alt-F2" and enter "gksudo nautilus" into the run command dialog, another dialog will pop-up asking for your password, enter your password and then navigate to your desktop or home folder within the file browser. Finally, click on the installer and instruct it to install the plugin to "/usr/lib/firefox" (without quotation marks), or to wherever your favourite browser is located, and then you're done. You can now exit the installer.

64-Bit Users: It should be harder for you to install the plugin, as it's a 32-Bit package, but thanks to a handy script by Kilz, it's actually quite easy. Please visit this thread and run the recommended script to install an older and more compatible version of Adobe Flash, along with a wrapper that will enable it to work on your 64-Bit system.

An easy and quick way to install most of the packages you need (Java, codecs for playing/ripping/converting music and video etc) is to use the command line. If you would rather use a graphical application with descriptions of packages, you can either use Add/Remove, Synaptic in Ubuntu and Xubuntu (System>Administration>Synaptic Package Manager in Ubuntu and Applications>System>Synaptic Package Manager in Xubuntu) and Adept in Kubuntu (KMenu>System>Adept). For the sake of speed, I suggest you use the Terminal for most of this how-to. Open the Terminal and paste these commands into it:


UBUNTU FAMILY 8.04 HARDY HERON USERS ONLY


32-Bit Ubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get remove icedtea-gcjwebplugin openjdk-6-jre && sudo apt-get install alsa-oss compizconfig-settings-manager faad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-pitfdll libflashsupport liblame0 sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

32-Bit Kubunu Users:

sudo apt-get remove icedtea-gcjwebplugin openjdk-6-jre && sudo apt-get install alsa-oss libflashsupport libk3b2-extracodecs liblame0 libtunepimp5-mp3 libxine1-ffmpeg sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

32-Bit Xubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get remove icedtea-gcjwebplugin openjdk-6-jre && sudo apt-get install alsa-oss libflashsupport liblame0 libxine1-ffmpeg sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

64-Bit Ubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss compizconfig-settings-manager faad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse icedtea-gcjwebplugin libflashsupport liblame0 unrar w64codecs

64-Bit Kubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss icedtea-gcjwebplugin libk3b2-extracodecs libflashsupport liblame0 libtunepimp5-mp3 libxine1-ffmpeg unrar w64codecs

64-Bit Xubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss icedtea-gcjwebplugin libflashsupport liblame0 libxine1-ffmpeg unrar w64codecs

Kubuntu Users: I didn't feel it was suitable to add the command to install the CCSM package above. Go here for instructions on what you need to enable Compiz Fusion on your system.


PRE-UBUNTU FAMILY 8.04 HARDY HERON USERS ONLY


32-Bit Ubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss compizconfig-settings-manager faad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-pitfdll liblame0 sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

32-Bit Kubunu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss libk3b2-mp3 liblame0 libtunepimp5-mp3 libxine1-ffmpeg sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

32-Bit Xubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss liblame0 libxine1-ffmpeg sun-java6-fonts sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin unrar w32codecs

64-Bit Ubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss compizconfig-settings-manager faad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse icedtea-java7-jre icedtea-java7-plugin liblame0 unrar w64codecs

64-Bit Kubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss icedtea-java7-jre icedtea-java7-plugin libk3b2-mp3 liblame0 libtunepimp5-mp3 libxine1-ffmpeg unrar w64codecs

64-Bit Xubuntu Users:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss icedtea-java7-jre icedtea-java7-plugin liblame0 libxine1-ffmpeg unrar w64codecs

Kubuntu Users: I didn't feel it was suitable to add the command to install the CCSM package above. Go here for instructions on what you need to enable Compiz Fusion on your system.


DID YOU HAVE ERRORS?


If you had errors while trying to do the above, one of these following commands may help. Did the Terminal tell you to run "dpkg --configure -a"? All you have to do is add "sudo" to the front of that command, like so:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Or if it was the install -f command:

sudo apt-get install -f

Was that not the error you had? You may have a currupt apt list due to an interrupted "apt-get update". Try these commands instead:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*

sudo apt-get update

Now try repeating the command to install the restricted packages for your particular Ubuntu variant.


--PART 2/5, STREAMING WITH FIREFOX--


You may already be happy with your streaming after installing the packages in Part 1, but if you want advanced playback and features, I recommend you give the MPlayer plugin a try:

sudo apt-get remove totem-mozilla mozilla-plugin-vlc xine-plugin kaffeine-mozilla helix-player mozilla-helix-player

sudo apt-get install mplayer mozilla-mplayer

Please Note: New users of Ubuntu or MPlayer should open the main MPlayer application after installing it for the first time, this will then cause it to create it's default folder in your home directory. Also, please navigate to Preferences>Audio in MPlayer, and then tick the "Enable Software Mixer" option.

Option 1 - 32/64-Bit Ubuntu Family Users - All Versions: MPlayer will stream virtually all media formats, the most simple method and works on both
architectures. Paste either of these commands into the Terminal: (Substitute "gedit" for "kwrite" if you are using Kubuntu and "mousepad" if you are an Xubuntu user)

gedit $HOME/.mplayer/mplayerplug-in.conf

or if you have multiple users and want them all to use this method for streaming:

gksudo gedit /etc/mplayerplug-in.conf

If you chose to edit the "/etc/" file, please remove the settings already present and make sure that the "$HOME" version is blank or deleted in all user accounts. Now you need to paste the following settings into the configuraton file:

download=1
cachesize=1024
cache-percent=25
keep-download=0
dload-dir=$HOME
noembed=0
autoplay=1
enable-wmp=1
enable-qt=1
enable-rm=1
enable-gmp=1
enable-dvx=1
enable-mpeg=1
enable-mp3=1
enable-midi=0
enable-pls=1
enable-ogg=1
enable-smil=1
enable-helix=1
nomediacache=0
nopauseonhide=1
black-background=1
rtsp-use-http=0
rtsp-use-tcp=0

Close and save the file, then paste this important command into the Terminal:

rm $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/pluginreg.dat (Firefox recreates it with the updated plugin information).

Options 2 - 32-Bit Pre-Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron Users Only: MPlayer will stream most formats still, but RealPlayer will handle it's native formats. This is a slightly more complicated method and some users may initially have problems with RealPlayer. Also, this method is more suited for 32-Bit users, as RealPlayer isn't packaged for 64-Bit systems. RealPlayer isn't in the repos, so download it here. Don't worry that it's packaged for Fiesty, it should work and install fine. You can remove it in Synaptic or with "sudo dpkg -r realplay". Install it by double or single-clicking on the deb, or by using the right-click context menu. Type your password when prompted.

Now that you have installed RealPlayer, we need to configure MPlayer so that it can work together with the RealPlayer browser plugin. Paste either of these commands into the Terminal: (Substitute "gedit" for "kwrite" if you are using Kubuntu and "mousepad" if you are an Xubuntu user)

gedit $HOME/.mplayer/mplayerplug-in.conf

or if you have multiple users and want them all to use this method for streaming:

gksudo gedit /etc/mplayerplug-in.conf

If you chose to edit the "/etc/" file, please remove the settings already present and make sure that the "$HOME" version is blank or deleted in all user accounts. Now you need to paste the following settings into the configuraton file:

download=1
cachesize=1024
cache-percent=25
keep-download=0
dload-dir=$HOME
noembed=0
autoplay=1
enable-wmp=1
enable-qt=1
enable-rm=0
enable-gmp=1
enable-dvx=1
enable-mpeg=1
enable-mp3=1
enable-midi=0
enable-pls=1
enable-ogg=1
enable-smil=0
enable-helix=0
nomediacache=0
nopauseonhide=1
black-background=1
rtsp-use-http=0
rtsp-use-tcp=0

Close and save the file, then paste this important command into the Terminal:

rm $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/pluginreg.dat (Firefox recreates it with the updated plugin information).

"Keep-download" is an easy way to save streaming media, just change the value to "1" and it will then download to your home directory. For an explaination of what the other settings do check out this link.

Note: Please REBOOT if you are not carrying on with the rest of the how-to, as you have made lot's of changes to your system and could have some strange problems until you start a fresh session. If you still have problems after rebooting with certain applications, please read the "Troubleshooting" section at the bottom.


--PART 3/5, SOUND & VIDEO CONVERSION--


SOUND CONVERSION


It is not recommended to convert one group of compressed music files of a certain format, to another type of compressed format. However, if you wish to do so, you can accomplish most tasks with Sound Converter, OggConvert or Sound Konverter. Some GNOME users prefer Sound Konverter despite the fact it is a KDE application (perhaps because it's had better support for AAC audio, such as iTunes music files). Install whichever varient you wish, but make sure you have completed Part 1 of this how-to first:

sudo apt-get install soundconverter oggconvert

or the KDE varient:

sudo apt-get install soundkonverter aacplusenc alac-decoder cdparanoia faac ffmpeg flac lame vorbis-tools

If you want to try and convert a large number of iTunes m4a files, and keep as much tag information as possible, please refer to this page.

Tag editing can be done in various music applications, but if you want to try a dedicated tag editor, install Ex Falso:

sudo apt-get install exfalso

You may also want to try EasyTag:

sudo apt-get install easytag easytag-aac

Kubuntu users might want to install KID3 instead:

sudo apt-get install kid3


VIDEO CONVERSION


For video converting, first make sure you have these packages installed:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg faac

Then download a GUI frontend for FFmpeg called WinFF. Install it by double or single-clicking on the deb, or by using the right-click context menu. Type your password when prompted.

To make a video for a mobile phone in WinFF, select 3g2 as the type of video you want to make. Use 3gp if you want (doesn't work for me right now however). To increase the audio quality, click on "Options" and in the "Audio Bit Rate" box type "96000" (default is 64000, which is 64kbps). However, your phone might not play it properly with the audio at 96kbps for video, depends really. Test it yourself. For some reason, when you type in the "Video Bit Rate" box to change the default setting, you only have to type in "180" (for example), instead of "180000. I'm not sure why. Also, you may need to change the extension from "3g2" to "mp4" or "3gp" in order for it to play. I suggest mp4 as this worked flawlessly on my W810i, but only with the default settings for some reason. I'd appreciate some feedback on how the videos work on other handsets.


--PART 4/5, DVD PLAYBACK/RIPPING/BURNING--


PLAYBACK


To stop Ubuntu asking for the installation CD when you install these next packages, navigate to System>Administration>Software Sources and untick the CD-ROM/DVD source, or open the Terminal and do the following:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Go to the line which starts as "deb cdrom" (at the top in my sources list) and just put a # before it. Close and save the file.

For the best DVD playback in Ubuntu, including menu support, install this cross-format media player:

sudo apt-get install vlc

You can also use the Xine engine in Ubuntu for video/DVD playback. This can be done without having to change the backend of Totem - just install an alternative GNOME frontend for Xine called Gxine (this is optional, VLC will do just fine):

sudo apt-get install gxine libxine1-ffmpeg

To get encrypted DVDs playing properly (check out no. 9 in the "Troubleshooting" section if you are having problems with new DVDs), paste these commands into the Terminal:

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 libdvdread3 libdvdnav4 build-essential debhelper fakeroot

then:

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh

or if you get an error with that command:

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh


VLC AS DEFAULT DVD PLAYER IN UBUNTU 8.04 HARDY HERON SYSTEMS


To change the default DVD player in Hardy Heron to VLC (I strongly advise you do), open the Terminal and copy and paste this command into it:

gksudo gedit /etc/gnome/defaults.list

Press Ctrl+f and search for "x-content/video", then change the "totem.desktop" entries to "vlc.desktop". Close and save.

Next, right-click on "Applications" in the top panel and select "Edit Menus" to open the default menu editor. Navigate down to "Sound & Video" in the left pane and click on it to show all those applications in the pane to the right. Scroll down the list of applications displayed until you see "VLC media player", right-click on it, then click on "Properties" in the context menu to open "Launcher Properties" and change the launch command from "wxvlc %F" to:

vlc --vout-filter deinterlace --deinterlace-mode blend --volume 512 --fullscreen %m

Close the VLC properties dialog and exit the menu editor. Finally, navigate to Nautilus>Edit>Preferences>Media>DVD Video and select VLC.


VLC AS DEFAULT DVD PLAYER IN PRE-UBUNTU 8.04 HARDY HERON SYSTEMS


To set VLC as your default DVD player in a pre-Hardy Heron systems, navigate to System>Preferences>Removable Drives and Media>Multimedia and replace the existing “Video DVD Discs” command ("totem %m") with:

vlc --vout-filter deinterlace --deinterlace-mode blend --volume 512 --fullscreen %m

If you don't want VLC to automatically launch into fullscreen when a DVD movie is inserted, all you have to do is delete the "--fullscreen" part of the command. To exit and enter fullscreen in VLC, just press the "f" key.


RIPPING


You can rip a standard disc image by right-clicking on the disc icon and then selecting the "Write to Disk" option in the context menu. Alternatively, you can open it with your file browser and drag the ISO image to your desktop. For more advanced options, give dvd::rip a try:

sudo apt-get install dvdrip

Kubuntu users might be interested in this application instead:

sudo apt-get install k9copy


BURNING


Basic burning can be done by right-clicking on an ISO image and then selecting the "Write to Disc" option in the context menu. If you want to burn DVDs for use in standard DVD players, then your best bet is an application called Tovid. Go to the Tovid Wiki and download the deb file, then just double or single-click to install, or use the right-click context menu. Type your password when prompted. Also, read this guide on using the Tovid GUI and another guide on the basics of using Tovid.

Note: If you wish to change the region of a DVD drive so you can play/rip foreign discs, you will need to install the following terminal based application:

sudo apt-get install regionset

Please be aware that most drives limit you to about 5 changes (regionset should tell you how many you have left). So maybe it's best to have a secondary external DVD drive and have it set to a different region to the one in your machine. To make the change, put any disc into your drive and type "sudo regionset" into the Terminal and change the region. Here is the list of region codes and which countries they cover:

RC1 = North America (USA and Canada)
RC2 = Europe, Middle East, South Africa and Japan
RC3 = Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Korea
RC4 = Latin America, Australia, New Zealand
RC5 = Former Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, etc.), rest of Africa, India
RC6 = China


--PART 5/5, MISCELLANEOUS & TROUBLESHOOTING--


--MISCELLANEOUS--


TOUCHPAD TIPS & TRICKS


Using a laptop? If your cursor shoots off all over the place when you type, you might want to (carefully) do the following:

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Now find the section concerning your touchpad and copy the bold text below into your conf file, so it look similar to the example below:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "SHMConfig" "on"
EndSection

Make sure it all looks okay and that the "EndSection" text is in the right place, then close and save. Now, navigate to System>Preferences>Sessions and click on "Add". Name it something like "Touchpad Syndaemon", the description can be "Disables touchpad while typing", and the all important command you need is "syndaemon -i .5 -d". For it to take effect, REBOOT. Why isn't it default for laptop users? Well, apparently it's insecure. If you share your laptop with others, technically they could disable your touchpad. Personally, I think there should be an option in System>Preferences>Mouse to enable this feature, with a warning if necessary.


FONTS TIPS & TRICKS


I always insist my fonts are used instead of webpage defaults (Firefox>Preferences>Content>Fonts & Colours>Advanced) and I also increase the minimum font size to "12", that might interest some of you. Make sure you're using DejaVu (Ubuntu default) in Firefox, msttcorefonts are pointless and redundant in my opinion now, so no need to install and use them. I also recommend setting all the font sizes to 9 in System>Preferences>Appearance>Fonts.


APPLICATIONS & GAMES


View and fill in PDF forms online with Adobe Reader and it's browser plugins:

sudo apt-get remove mozplugger && sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins mozilla-acroread

Give these audio players a try:

sudo apt-get install exaile audacious

Exaile is a GTK fork of Amarok and Audacious is a nice small and simple Winamp style audio player. You might also like to try a newish and unfinished jukebox-like media player called Songbird. Just download the correct version for your architecture and give it a whirl. To install the downloaded deb package, just double or single-click on it, or install using the right-click context menu. Type your password when prompted to do so.

You might be interested in having Google Earth too:

sudo apt-get install googleearth

For P2P file sharing, give Frostwire a try. Always worked pretty well for me. To install the deb package, just double or single-click on it , or use the right-click context menu. Type your password when prompted.

If you want an easy way to edit usplash (Ubuntu loading screen) then you have to try this application:

sudo apt-get install startupmanager

It installs into System>Administration. Keep the colour depth to 16-Bits or you may experience strange shutdown behaviour.

Don't forget to check out some of the games in Synaptic. Briquolo is fun, try that. Some games will not create menu entries, make them yourself if that happens (the name of the game is often the command to launch it).


--TROUBLESHOOTING--


1. If your RealPlayer's playback is terrible (mine was) you have to do some manual editing. First of all, install "alsa-oss" (added to "Essential" in Part 1). Now you need to copy and paste these commands into the Terminal and do some manual editing:

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/realplay

Find the line "echo "Warning: LD_PRELOAD=\"$LD_PRELOAD\"" and underneath "fi" paste these two lines:

LD_PRELOAD="$LDPRELOAD:/usr/lib/libaoss.so"
export LD_PRELOAD

Save and close. Also, open RealPlayer's preferences and go to "Transport" and select "Use specified transport". Then go into the two configure options beneath that and untick everything except "http". You can also select your connection speed in preferences and tell RealPlayer not to send connection info back to real.com.

2. Sometimes you will click on a video link and Firefox will ask if you want to download it or open it with a certain application. Many times though, you will want to play or open it with a different application to the one offered. Click to choose your own application and navigate to /usr/bin and you will find your audio and video apps there.

3. Use the "xv" video driver if you can. Open MPlayer and right click on the video window, then click on "Preferences". Click on the "Video" tab and select "xv", or if you can't use that try "gl". As a last restort you should select "x11" (unaccelerated). Please note: If you are having trouble using the "xv" video driver, you should search the forums and google as it's highly unlikely your card doesn't support it. Some users have to make a few changes to get it working.

4. Sometimes MPlayer looks like it is about to start playing a video, but it does not. Try pressing play and don't just give up and navigate away. BBC wmv radio streams take a long time to start playing, the ram streams start quicker and sound better.

5. If Firefox doesn't recognise that you have changed your plugins and says "Plugin Required", or something like that, then you need to:

rm $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/pluginreg.dat

You have to do this EVERYTIME you change plugins or edit your mplayerplug-in.conf file. Then open Firefox and type "about:plugins" in the address bar and press enter. You should now see a very long list of plugins (Java, Flash, RealPlayer, Windows Media etc).

6. Are you using a non-default web browser? You may need to link your plugins folder to that browser. To create a symbolic link, you need to do something like this "ln -s /usr/lib/firefox/plugins /fullpathtobrowser". Rename or delete the plugins folder it already has, or use the "ln -sf" symlink command as it forces the link to replace whatever plugins folder is already present.

7. Having problems with the Adobe Flash plugin after updating? Close Firefox, then cut and paste this command into the Terminal:

sudo apt-get purge flashplugin-nonfree && sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

Also, if you don't have any sound in flash videos or you notice strange random behaviour by Firefox, you should try this next solution. Make sure you have the package "alsa-oss" from Part 1 and then paste this command into the Terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

Edit the line "FIREFOX_DSP=”none”" and change "none" to "aoss". Then close and save the file. Restart Firefox.

Still having issues? If you're a 64-Bit Ubuntu user, you might get better results using an older version of Adobe Flash. Please refer to the following thread and use the recommended script.

8. Java not working correctly? Close Firefox and then try this command below. Make sure you select the latest Java, which will be somewhere in /usr/lib:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Still no go? Ubuntu 32-Bit users who are trying to use Sun Java might want to make sure they don't have IcedTea/OpenJDK Java and it's plugin installed, as it will conflict with the Sun Java plugin:

sudo apt-get remove icedtea-java7-bin icedtea-java7-jre icedtea-java7-plugin icedtea-gcjwebplugin openjdk-6-jre

Same goes for 64-Bit users trying to use IcedTea/OpenJDK Java, it might be a good idea to check you don't have any version of Sun Java installed and it's relevant plugin:

Selengkapnya...

Squid Proxy Server

Proxy server adalah sebuah layanan pada jaringan Internet yang bertindak sebagai perantara antara jarigan lokal dengan Internet. Dengan menggunakan proxy server maka klien atau host yang menggunakan alamat IP Private di dalam jaringan lokal dapat mengakses server di Internet yang menggunakan IP Public walaupun tanpa menggunakan IP Masquerade atau NAT.

Proxy server diimplementasi pada lapisan aplikasi (aplication layer) sedangkan iptables pada lapisan transport (transport layer).
Squid adalah sebuah http proxy server walaupun dapat pula berfungsi sebagai ftp prox server. Selain befungsi sebagai proxy, squid juga berfungsi sebagai cache. Dengan cache maka beberapa obyek seperti file-file .gif,.jpg dll. yang sering di butuhkan oleh jaringan lokal akan disimpan di dalam memori cache sehingga jika suatu saat di butuhkan lagi jaringan lokal tidak usah mengambilnya langsung dari server aslinya tetapi cukup dari cache lokal pada squid. Dengan demikian maka akan dicapai penghematan waktu dan bandwidth, biasanya sekitar 30%-40% dari keseluruhan permintaan akses http.
Beberapa kelebihan Squid dengan http proxy server lainnya adalah:

1. Kestabilannya untuk menghandle sebuah jaringan yang berskala besar, biasanya ISP atau sebuah institusi perguruan tinggi menggunakan Squid sebagai proxy server.

2. Kemampuan filtering yang cukup luas contohnya antara lain:

a. Berdasarkan alamat IP, subnet, domain atau host name komputer lokal.

b. Berdasarkan alamat IP, subnet, domain atau host name server tujuan.

c. Berdasarkan ekstensi file misal: .exe .mp3 dll.

d. Berdasarkan waktu.

e. Dll.

3. Kemampuan parent dan sibling, dengan menerapkan hubungan parent atau sibling antar squid proxy server yang ada maka dapat di bangun sebuah jaringan cache yang tersusun secara hirarki yang dapat lebih menghemat waktu akses dan bandwidth.

4. Relatif mudah untuk dikonfigurasi.

5. Gratis, dibawah GPL/GNU.

Untuk menginstall Squid pada Linux Mandrake 8.1 caranya adalah:

#rpm –ivh squid-2.4.STABLE1-8mdk.i586.rpm

Untuk mengkonfigurasikan squid hanya dilakukan dengan menyalin file squid.conf.default yang terletak pada /etc/squid/squid.conf.default menjadi /etc/squid/squid.conf lalu edit file squid.conf tersebut.

Pada file squid.conf terdiri dari 13 bagian yaitu:

1. Network Options. Berisi konfigurasi alamat IP dan Port yang akan digunakan oleh Squid.

2. Options Which Affect The Neighbor Selection Algorithm. Berisi konfigurasi yang diperlukan untuk menghubungkan squid secara Sibling atau Parent.

3. Options Which Affect The Cache Size. Berisi konfigurasi cache di harddisk maupun di RAM.

4. Logfile Pathnames and Cache Directories. Berisi konfigurasi letak logfile dan letak direktori cache pada harddisk.

5. Options For External Support Programs. Berisi konfigurasi untuk program eksternal yan didukung squid seperti DNS, dan FTP.

6. Options For Tuning The Cache. Berisi konfigurasi untuk lebih mengoptimalkan cache.

7. Timeouts. Berisi konfigurasi untuk menentukan waktu timeout.

8. Access Control. Berisi konfigurasi untuk menentukan hak akses pada Squid.

9. Administrative Parameters. Berisi parameter-parameter yang sifatnya administratif.

10. Options For The Cache Registration Service. Berisi konfigurasi yang diperlukan untuk mendukung administrasi antar cache dalam sebuah hierarki cache.

11. HTTP_Accelerator Options. Berisi konfigurasi yang diperlukan untuk mengaktifkan fitur http accelerator pada Squid.

12. Miscellaneous. Berisi beberapa konfigurasi tambahan

13. Delay Pool Parameters. Berisi parameter-parameter yang diperlukan agar squid dapat menggunakan fitur delay pool yang berfungsi bandwitdh limiting. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut mengenai delay pool dapat di baca pada: http://jateng.linux.or.id/artikel/network/2001/07/bandwidth-limiting-howto.html

Contoh squid.conf yang penulis gunakan adalah:

# NETWORK OPTIONS

# ———————————————————————-

http_port 3128

icp_port 3130

# OPTIONS WHICH AFFECT THE NEIGHBOR SELECTION ALGORITHM

# ———————————————————————-

cache_peer ns1.cic.ac.id sibling 3128 3130

cache_peer proxy.indo.net.id parent 8080 0 no-query no-delay

icp_query_timeout 0

maximum_icp_query_timeout 2000

dead_peer_timeout 10 seconds

hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?

acl QUERY urlpath_regex cgi-bin \?

acl dst_jaringan_lokal dst 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0

acl dst_public_ip_kita dst 202.159.127.192/255.255.255.248

no_cache deny QUERY

no_cache deny dst_jaringan_lokal

no_cache deny dst_public_ip_kita

# OPTIONS WHICH AFFECT THE CACHE SIZE

# ———————————————————————-

cache_mem 8 MB

cache_swap_low 90

cache_swap_high 95

maximum_object_size 4096 KB

minimum_object_size 0 KB

maximum_object_size_in_memory 8 KB

cache_replacement_policy lru

memory_replacement_policy lru

# LOGFILE PATHNAMES AND CACHE DIRECTORIES

# ———————————————————————-

cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256

cache_access_log /var/log/squid/access.log

cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log

mime_table /etc/squid/mime.conf

pid_filename /var/run/squid.pid

log_fqdn on

# OPTIONS FOR EXTERNAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS

# ———————————————————————-

ftp_user Squid@

ftp_list_width 32

ftp_passive on

dns_retransmit_interval 5 seconds

dns_timeout 5 minutes

dns_nameservers 202.159.127.195 202.159.127.194 202.159.32.2 202.159.33.2

diskd_program /usr/lib/squid/diskd

redirect_children 5

redirect_program /usr/local/adzap/wrapzap

# OPTIONS FOR TUNING THE CACHE

# ———————————————————————-

request_header_max_size 10 KB

request_body_max_size 1 MB

reply_body_max_size 0

refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080

refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440

refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320

reference_age 1 year

quick_abort_min 16 KB

quick_abort_max 16 KB

quick_abort_pct 95

negative_ttl 5 minute

positive_dns_ttl 6 hour

negative_dns_ttl 5 minute

range_offset_limit 0 KB

# TIMEOUTS

# ———————————————————————-

connect_timeout 2 minute

peer_connect_timeout 30 seconds

siteselect_timeout 4 second

read_timeout 15 minute

request_timeout 30 second

client_lifetime 1 day

pconn_timeout 120 second

ident_timeout 10 seconds

shutdown_lifetime 30 second

# ACCESS CONTROLS

# ———————————————————————-

acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0

acl jaringan_lokal src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0

acl public_ip_kita src 202.159.127.192/255.255.255.248

acl manager proto cache_object

acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255

acl SSL_ports port 443 563 10000

acl Safe_ports port 80 81 82

acl Safe_ports port 21

acl Safe_ports port 443 563

acl Safe_ports port 70

acl Safe_ports port 210

acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535

acl Safe_ports port 280

acl Safe_ports port 488

acl Safe_ports port 591

acl Safe_ports port 777

acl CONNECT method CONNECT

acl porn url_regex “/usr/lib/squid/porn.txt”

acl webchat url_regex -i chat chatserver

acl ns1_child_sibling src 202.159.127.194/255.255.255.255

http_access allow manager localhost

http_access deny manager

http_access deny !Safe_ports

http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports

http_access allow localhost

http_access deny porn all

http_access deny webchat

http_access allow jaringan_lokal

http_access allow public_ip_kita

http_access allow ns1_child_sibling

http_access deny all

miss_access deny ns1_child_sibling

icp_access allow ns1_child_sibling

icp_access deny all

# ADMINISTRATIVE PARAMETERS

# ———————————————————————-

cache_mgr administrator@cic.ac.id

# OPTIONS FOR THE CACHE REGISTRATION SERVICE

# ———————————————————————-

# HTTPD-ACCELERATOR OPTIONS

# ———————————————————————-

httpd_accel_port 80

httpd_accel_with_proxy on

httpd_accel_uses_host_header on

# MISCELLANEOUS

# ———————————————————————-

logfile_rotate 10

append_domain .cic.ac.id

acl alldst dst 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0

always_direct allow dst_jaringan_lokal

always_direct allow dst_public_ip_kita

always_direct deny all

error_directory /etc/squid/errors

minimum_retry_timeout 5 seconds

maximum_single_addr_tries 3

httpd_accel_host virtual

# DELAY POOL PARAMETERS

# ———————————————————————-

Pada file squid.conf.default sebenarnya telah cukup detail di jelaskan fungsi dari masing-masing option (pilihan) yang dapat digunakan pada squid.conf, atau kalau ingin lebih jelas dapat dibaca pada http://www.squid-cache.org/Doc/FAQ

Atau buku Optimasi Akses Internet dengan Squid karangan “Dodi Maryanto” yang diterbitkan oleh Elex Media Komputindo.

Penulis hanya akan menjelaskan beberapa catatan khusus pada konfigurasi squid.conf diatas yaitu:

cache_peer ns1.cic.ac.id sibling 3128 3130

cache_peer proxy.indo.net.id parent 8080 0 no-query no-delay

Artinya ns1.cic.ac.id adalah proxy server lainnya yang dijadikan sebagai sibling dan proxy.indo.net.id adalah proxy server lainnya yang dijadikan sebagai parent. Perbedaan sibling dan parent adalah: sibling hanya memberikan obyek yang ada pada dirinya sedangkan parent bertanggung jawab untuk mengambilkan obyek tersebut jika parent tidak memiliki obyek tersebut. Jika Anda tidak memiliki cache_peer beri tanda “#” didepan baris cache_peer, dengan memberikan tanda “#” berarti baris tersebut tidak akan di baca oleh squid.

Pornografi

Salah satu tantangan seorang admin jaringan adalah membatasi akses situs porno dari jaringannya, terutama bagi sebuah institusi pendidikan.

Dengan squid dapat dilakukan penyaringan terhadap situs-situs porno. Cara yang paling sederhana adalah dengan mendownload dari http://www.squidblock.com/ dengan melakukan registrasi selanjutnya Anda akan menerima email yang berisi username dan password yang diperlukan untuk login ke Squidblock. Setelah Login klik Download dan kemudian download file berikut: http://www.squidblock.com/download/file/Feb06squidblock.tgz

Setelah didownload ekstrak file tersebut dengan cara:

#tar xvfz Feb06squidblock.tgz

Kemudian salin file Pornographic_block.txt menjadi porn.txt dengan cara:

#cp Pornograhic_block.txt /usr/lib/squid/porn.txt

Kemudian tambahkan baris berikut pada squid.conf:

acl porn url_regex “/usr/lib/squid/porn.txt”

dan

http_access deny porn all

http_access deny porn all diletakkan “sebelum” memberikan http_access allow jaringan_lokal agar jaringan_lokal tidak dapat mengakses situs porno yang telah didefinisikan dalam file /usr/lib/squid/porn.txt. Jika http_access deny porn all diletakkan setelah http_access allow jaringan_lokal maka komputer di jaringan_lokal tetap dapat membuka situs porno yang telah didefinisikan dalam file /usr/lib/squid/porn.txt

Jika dibutuhkan cara yang lebih efektif dapat digunakan DansGuardian yang dapat Anda download dari http://www.dansguardian.org/ tetapi berdasarkan pengalaman penulis, dansguardian menggunakan memori RAM yang sangat besar untuk sebuah proxy yang sibuk.

Redirect Adzap

Redirect adzap digunakan untuk mengilangkan banner-banner iklan pada website yang di akses oleh jaringan lokal. Dengan tujuan untuk menghemat bandwidth yang ada.

Untuk mengaplikasikan adzap pada squid, sebelumnya ambil source adzap pada http://www.zip.com.au/~cs/adzap/adzap-20020710.tar.gz lalu ekstrak:

#tar xvfz adzap-20010712.tar.gz

Pindahkan hasil ekstrak adzap ke /usr/local/adzap/

#mv adzap /usr/local/adzap/

Salin file-file .gif .html dan .js ke direktori apache misal ke /var/www/html/adzap sebelumnya direktori adzap dibuat dulu dengan cara:

#cd /var/www/html

#mkdir adzap

#cd /usr/local/adzap

#cp *.gif /var/www/html/adzap/.

#cp *.html /var/www/html/adzap/.

#cp *.js /var/www/html/adzap/.

Edit file /usr/local/adzap/wrapzap pada bagian:

Zapper=/usr/local/adzap/squid-redirect

ZAP_BASE=http://localhost/adzap

Pada bagian ZAP_BASE, masukkan URL lengkap web server yang menampung dokument yang akan ditampilkan redirector.

Pada squid.conf, tambahkan baris berikut:

redirect_children 5

redirect_program /usr/local/adzap/wrapzap

Sebelum squid diaktifkan Anda harus membuat cache direktori dengan mengetik perintah:

#squid –z

Setelah cache direktori terbentuk aktifkan squid dengan cara:

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/squid start

Cek apakah redirector sudah berjalan:

#ps ax | grep squid_re

2368 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/adzap/squid_redirect

2369 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/adzap/squid_redirect

2370 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/adzap/squid_redirect

2372 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/adzap/squid_redirect

2373 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/adzap/squid_redirect

9252 pts/2 S 0:00 grep squid_re

Transparent Proxy

Yang dimaksud dengan transparent proxy adalah sentralisasi konfigurasi proxy pada sebuah jaringan komputer lokal. Dengan transparant proxy maka semua browser pada komputer klient di jaringan lokal tidak usah di setting satu persatu untuk menggunakan proxy server. Atau dengan kata lain secara otomatis seluruh klient akan melewati Squid. Untuk mengimplementasikan transparent proxy pada Linux Mandrake 8.1 paket iptables dan squid harus telah terinstall dengan benar.

Pertama tambahkan baris berikut pada squid.conf:

httpd_accel_port 80

httpd_accel_with_proxy on

httpd_accel_uses_host_header on

httpd_accel_host virtual

Lalu tambahkan baris berikut pada /etc/rc.local:

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp –dport 80 -j REDIRECT –to-port 3128

Baris tersebut ditulis dalam satu baris

Pada jaringan yang digunakan oleh penulis interface eth1 terhubung ke jaringan lokal, jika yang terhubung ke jaringan lokal adalah eth0 maka ganti eth1 menjadi eth0.

Jalankan /etc/rc.local dengan mengetikkan:

#/etc/rc.local

Kemudian restart squid dengan cara:

#squid –k reconfigure

Pada komputer klient pastikan default gateway mengarah pada IP Squid Proxy Server, dengan demikian maka seluruh komputer klient yang menjadikan Squid Proxy Server sebagai default gateway akan menggunakan Transparent Proxy.

Lebih lengkapnya Transparent Proxy bisa Anda baca di:

http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/other-formats/html_single/TransparentProxy.html#s4

Membaca logfile Squid

Untuk menganalisa performa dari Squid Proxy Server dapat digunakan cachemgr.cgi atau Calamaris.

File cachemgr.cgi sebenarnya telah tersedia pada /usr/lib/squid pada saat Anda menginstall Squid menggunakan paket RPM.

Salin file cachemgr.cgi pada /usr/lib/squid/cachemgr.cgi ke /var/www/cgi-bin/cachemgr.cgi dengan cara:

#cp /usr/lib/squid/cachemgr.cgi /var/www/cgi-bin/

Selanjutnya pada squid.conf pastikan terdapat baris berikut:

http_access allow manager localhost

Kemudian gunakan browser untuk membuka URL http://192.168.0.253/cgi-bin/cachemgr.ini

Ganti IP 192.168.0.253 dengan IP Squid proxy server Anda.

Klik Continue maka selanjutnya dapat Anda dapatkan keterangan-keterangan yang diambil dari /var/log/squid/access.log

Calamaris

Calamaris adalah sebuah tool untuk mengolah logging yang dihasilkan squid. Untuk menginstall Calamaris di Linux Mandrake 8.1 dapat digunakan paket: calamaris-2.42-2.i386.rpm yang bisa Anda download dari http://rpmfind.net/

Untuk menginstall ketik:

#rpm –ivh calamaris-2.42-2.i386.rpm

Selanjutnya Anda dapat menggunakan Webmin untuk membaca Calamaris. Pada Webmin klik Servers->Squid Proxy Server->Calamaris Log Analysis

Untuk memantau aktivitas Squid secara real time dapat dilakukan dengan cara:

#tail –f /var/log/squid/access.log
sumber: http://kebofunky.wordpress.com/2008/04/07/squid-proxy-server/

Selengkapnya...

Harian Kontan Pelopor Koran Digital

JAKARTA, RABU - Mulai hari ini, Harian Kontan tak hanya tersedia dalam edisi cetak, namun juga dapat diakses dalam versi digital. Semua halaman Kontan kini dapat dibaca dengan bentuk yang sama persis dengan edisi cetak di depan layar komputer.

"Penyediaan edisi digital tidak hanya menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan teknologi tapi juga memenuhi permintaan pembaca," ujar Yopie Hidayat, Pemimpin Redaksi Harian Kontan saat dihubungi melalui telepon, Rabu (2/7). Ia mengatakan perkembangan teknologi seperti e-paper memungkinkan koran digital dapat diakses dengan mudah.

Pembaca tidak perlu memiliki akses Internet broadband untuk dapat menikmati e-paper Kontan ini. Pembaca juga tidak perlu men-download karena sederhana, ringan, dan sudah disesuaikan dengan kemampuan browser web.

Yopie optmistis kehadiran koran digital (e-paper) Harian Kontan tidak akan mengikis edisi cetak, namun justru menambah peluang pembaca baru. Ia mengatakan target pembaca Kontan Digital tidak sekadar pasar menengah ke atas yang memiliki akses Internet pribadi, namun juga anak-anak muda yang makin lekat dengan Internet.

"Anak-anak muda nggak begitu doyan baca koran tradisional yang pakai kertas jadi kami perluas target pembaca Kontan melalui media digital," ungkapnya. Kontan versi digital ini dapat diakses di www.kontan.co.id dan untuk sementara bisa dibaca secara cuma-cuma.

Fitur yang disediakan dalam layanan tersebut juga interaktif sehingga memudahkan pembaca memperoleh informasi. Antara lain fitur thumbnail yang menampilkan preview semua halaman, kirim ke teman lewat email, fitur cetak halaman hingga fitur pencarian berdasarkan keyword di semua halaman. Lebih dari itu, pembaca juga dapat melakukan pencarian tidak hanya di satu edisi saja tapi di seluruh arsip Kontan digital.

Dalam waktu dekat, Kontan juga akan meluncurkan situs web resminya, yang didukung oleh KOMPAS.com. Layanan tersebut akan menyediakan informasi bisnis dan keuangan yang di-up date selama 24 jam.
Selengkapnya...